![]() For untreated and NF treated roots, data obtained between µm from the RT were used for the adjustment. Yellow lines indicate root regions considered for the first sigmoidal fit. Red contours highlight root hairs detected with RHS. a Pictures of representative roots for different tested conditions. A batch of untreated roots where also observed at the same time (green data). Roots were immersed 1 h in water (pink data), 10 nM NF (magenta data) or 10 µm IAA (orange data) and observed 18 h after immersion. Example of application of RHS to analyse the effect of water, NF or IAA treatment on M. RHS processed on roots submitted to different treatments. Image analysis with Root Hair Sizer and subsequent sigmoidal modelling of RH length data provide a simple and efficient way to characterize RH growth in different conditions, equally suitable to small and large scale phenotyping experiments.Ĭell elongation Image analysis Medicago truncatula Phenotyping Root Root hair. RH length data along the root are then modelled with a sigmoidal curve, generating several biologically significant parameters such as RH length, positioning of the root differentiation zone and, under certain conditions, RH growth rate. This measure is not affected by heavily bent RHs and any bald spots. This method, implemented as a simple automated script in ImageJ/ Fiji software that we termed Root Hair Sizer, slides a rectangular window along a binarized and straightened image of root tips to estimate the maximal RH length in a given measuring interval. We developed an image analysis algorithm that semi-automatically detects RHs and measures their length along the whole differentiation zone of roots. However, none of the reported methods allow an accurate and standardized definition of the position along the root for RH length measurement, making data comparison difficult. Few partially automated methods have been reported to increase measurement efficiency. Methods commonly employed rely on manual steps and are therefore time consuming and prone to errors, restricting analysis to a short segment of the root tip. For these reasons, it is useful to be able to accurately quantify RH length employing standardized procedures. RHs are also studied as a model for plant cellular development, as they represent a single cell with specific and highly regulated polarized elongation. It is equipped with root hairs (RHs) which are elongated structures increasing the exchange surface with the soil. Our online platform, Wiley Online Library () is one of the world’s most extensive multidisciplinary collections of online resources, covering life, health, social and physical sciences, and humanities.The root is an important organ for water and nutrient uptake, and soil anchorage. With a growing open access offering, Wiley is committed to the widest possible dissemination of and access to the content we publish and supports all sustainable models of access. Wiley has partnerships with many of the world’s leading societies and publishes over 1,500 peer-reviewed journals and 1,500+ new books annually in print and online, as well as databases, major reference works and laboratory protocols in STMS subjects. Wiley has published the works of more than 450 Nobel laureates in all categories: Literature, Economics, Physiology or Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, and Peace. has been a valued source of information and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our core businesses produce scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, reference works, books, database services, and advertising professional books, subscription products, certification and training services and online applications and education content and services including integrated online teaching and learning resources for undergraduate and graduate students and lifelong learners. Wiley is a global provider of content and content-enabled workflow solutions in areas of scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly research professional development and education.
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